Massive gauge bosons from the conservation of topological winding numbers
نویسنده
چکیده
We consider a U(1) × SU(2) gauge theory on the four-dimensional manifold S × S. If we make the assumption that only gauge transformations connected to the identity are allowed, the winding numbers of U(1) around S and of SU(2) around S become topological conserved quantities. We derive the effective theory for non-trivial winding numbers if all distances are small compared to the radii of the spheres. In the non-abelian case the gauge bosons become massive. PACS : 11.15.Ex, 14.70.-e
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تاریخ انتشار 1999